What is the function of the wad in shotgun shells?

The function of the wad in shotgun shells primarily revolves around protecting the shot from the gases created during firing. When the shotgun is discharged, the rapidly expanding gases from the burning powder create pressure that propels the shot (the pellets) out of the shell and down the barrel. The wad acts as a barrier between the shot and the hot gases, preventing the shot from being deformed or damaged by these gases.

Additionally, the wad helps to serve a sealing function that minimizes the loss of gas pressure, ensuring more efficient energy transfer to the shot. This is crucial for achieving optimal performance and accuracy. While there are other components in a shotgun shell, the wad's main role is centered on safeguarding the integrity of the shot during the firing process.